URL encoding
Value resolver – Abstract
Purpose: Replaces invalid or special characters within a transferred URL with universal characters.
The URL encoding resolver applies the URL encoding ('percentage encoding') to a character string passed as an input value.
URL encoding replaces selected characters with two-digit hexadecimal codes (00-FF), each preceded by a percent sign (%).
The 'encoded' character string only uses ASCII characters that can be used in the string value of a URI parameter, for example, without overlapping with syntactically relevant characters of the URI ('.', '?', '/', '&', '=', etc.).
Groups of up to three hex codes can also be used to encode all characters of the UTF-8 string.
Simple examples:
|
Input value (String) |
URL encoding |
Comments |
|
Smith&Wesson |
Smith%26Wesson |
The ampersand (&) is coded as %26, i.e. by reference to the character with the decimal code 38 (= 2 x 16 + 6) in the ASCII character set. |
|
Pratt & Whitney |
Pratt%20%26%20Whitney |
In addition to the ampersand (&), the surrounding spaces must also be 'masked' using the hex value %20 as ASCII character no. 32 (= 2 x 16). |
|
1€=$1.09 |
1%E2%82%AC%3D%241.09 |
The equal sign (=) is coded as %3D, the dollar sign ($) as %24, the euro symbol (€) requires a code with two bytes as a UTF-8 special character: %E2%82. |
|
Les Champs-Élysées |
Les%20Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es |
The space appears as %20, the two accented vowels (é and É) require two bytes each as UTF-8 special characters: %C3%89 and %C3%A9. |
|
Übergrößenänderungsschneiderei |
%C3%9Cbergr%C3%B6%C3%9Fen%C3%A4nderungsschneiderei |
German special characters (ä, ö, Ü and ß) are replaced by UTF-8 codes with two hex bytes each. |
|
https://lobster-world.com/?s=API |
https%3A%2F%2Flobster-world.com%2F%3Fs%3DAPI |
Hier wurde eine komplette URL (inkl. Query-Parameter "s" mit einem Wert "API") enkodiert, sodass die Zeichen ":", "/", "?" und "=" durch die zugehörigen ASCII-Hex-Codes ersetzt werden. |
|
https://lobster-world.com/?s=No%20Code |
https%3A%2F%2Flobster-world.com%2F%3Fs%3DNo%2520Code |
Here, the parameter value for the search already contains URL code (for the space in the search text 'No code'), so that the already encoded percent sign (%) is encoded again. Instead of the space, the character string %2520 appears, in which %25 encodes the percent sign. The double-coded URL cannot be used directly (as in the previous example). It must be decoded twice in order to obtain a target URL. |
►IMPORTANT◄ If the input value is not a string (String), the string image of the input value is encoded. One of the factors determining the structure of the character string used as a string image is the data type of the input value. However, a specific mapping rule can apply for each execution context (client vs. server), which may also take localizations in the Localization or Company specific localization into account. The following table illustrates these influences using two examples:
|
Configuration example |
Execution context |
String image |
Comments |
||
|
Input value from the dynamic enumeration Company type:
|
Server |
irrelevant |
CNE |
CNE |
no character 'recoded' |
|
Client |
Deutsch (DE) |
Empfänger |
Empf%C3%A4nger |
The umlaut 'Ä' in the string image is replaced by the corresponding UTF-8 hexadecimal values (C3 and A4) in 'percentage coding'. |
|
|
English (EN) |
Consignee |
Consignee |
no character 'recoded' |
||
|
The input value is a DateTimedata object, created here with a Relative date with time value resolver:
|
Server |
irrelevant |
2023-01-01 00:00:00.000 Africa/Cairo (2022-12-31 22:00:00.000 UTC) |
2023-01-01+00%3A00%3A00.000+Africa%2FCairo+%282022-12-31+22%3A00%3A00.000+UTC%29 |
Default formatting of the server for time information (in the original time zone and UTC with time incl. millisecond) with 'recoded' special characters (space as +, colon, slash, brackets). |
|
Client |
Deutsch (DE) |
01.01.2023 00:00 |
01.01.2023%2000%3A00 |
Default date-time format of the client (localizations for the Current locale [lobsterui/dateFormat] [lobsterui/timeFormat] |
|
|
English (EN) |
01/01/2023 12:00 AM |
01%2F01%2F2023%2012%3A00%20AM |
