logical-and(a, b,[,c,d,e])


Boolean AND operation. Returns true if a and b and all further (non-empty) parameters are true, false otherwise.

Description of Parameters


Parameter

Description

a

Value.

b

Value.

c

(optional) Value.

d

(optional) Value.

e

(optional) Value.


Note: There is a difference between parameters a, b and parameters c, d, e. The logical connective AND with a variable number of parameters needs a rule for unused parameters. Since an AND operation needs at least two parameters, a and b need to have a Boolean value, so they are not optional. If a or b have no assigned values (no value), they will get the value false. For the optional parameters c to e, an unassigned value is interpreted as the parameter not being used. Unused parameters have to be interpreted as true for the AND operation to return the logically correct result, meaning parameters c to e will be interpreted as true if they have no assigned value. Solution: Make sure that all parameters that should be used have a valid Boolean value (true or false).

Examples


Parameter a

Parameter b

Parameter c

Parameter d

Parameter e

Result






false

true

false




false

false

true




false

true

true




true

true

true


true


true

true

true


false


false

true

true

true

true

true

true